Great research Ann! I'm a 64 year old woman who "accidentally" began parenting in 1963 at the age of 18. He and both my other children are doing well and I LOVED being a mother and learned a lot from working hard to be a good enough mother. The cost was that I did not even get an education until later, did not "work" (in the rest of the world) until later and therefore my social security (if its still viable) will be pitiful. I did divorce their father and he (a formica salesman) will get twice what I might get. I hear the social security administration saying that my work is worth less than his. I strongly disagree. Then there is the issue of women who end up in a divorce situation and because they earn less feel as if they HAVE to give the children to their fathers. I simply feel used and abused by the patriarchial, capitalistic system in the USA. I feel proud that one of my children has recently become a citizen of the Unite Kingdom. My grandchildren are highly valued by their system!